Dive Sites Of Hurghada, Egypt and the Wrecks Of The Red Sea

Hurghada is one of the Red Sea’s most celebrated diving destinations, offering a wide range of sites that cater to every level of diver. From shallow coral gardens and colorful pinnacles to dramatic drop-offs and world-renowned wrecks, Hurghada’s underwater landscape is as diverse as it is spectacular. Whether you’re just starting your diving journey or you’re an experienced explorer looking for your next adventure, this comprehensive guide to Hurghada’s dive sites covers everything you need to know. Dive into the details of each location, discover what marine life to expect, and find out why the Red Sea continues to rank among the world’s top diving regions.

Umm Gamar

Umm Gamar (Arabic for “Mother of the Moon”) is a small crescent-shaped island reef known for its dramatic underwater landscapes. The south end of the island features a shallow plateau around 10-15 meters where moorings are found, while the east side drops off steeply into the blue. Underwater, sheer walls and overhangs characterize the site, and two narrow plateaus extend at the north and south tips of the reef at around 20-25 meters. Notably, a series of coral towers rise from the deep – within one of these at roughly 28 meters is a cavern swim-through that adds adventure for those with advanced training.

Umm Gamar’s rich topography supports a diversity of marine life. Large moray eels often slither between the corals, and lionfish hunt smaller fish along the wall. In the cave and under ledges, clouds of glassfish shimmer, attracting predator fish like trevallies. Schools of yellowtail barracuda and batfish hover off the wall, and it’s not uncommon to spot a hawksbill turtle cruising by. The site’s position means you might feel currents, especially at the northern end – experienced divers sometimes do a drift along the wall where grey reef sharks or eagle rays can occasionally be sighted out in the blue. Overall, Umm Gamar offers a thrilling mix of reef scenery and marine encounters suitable for a range of diving skill levels.

Shabrur Umm Gamar

Shabrur Umm Gamar (often called “Little Umm Gamar”) is a long, narrow reef located just a short distance northwest of the main Umm Gamar Island. Unlike its bigger neighbor, this reef doesn’t break the surface as an island; it remains submerged, marked only by a break in the waves. Shabrur Umm Gamar extends roughly 200 meters and features a plateau on its western side starting around 14 meters, which then slopes down to about 30 meters before dropping off into a steep wall on the eastern side. The reef’s structure includes some small caves and ledges in the shallower parts and even the remnants of a small Egyptian patrol boat wreck tucked on the slope, adding a touch of history to the seascape.

Diving Shabrur Umm Gamar is often an adventure reserved for more advanced divers, largely because currents here can be strong and variable. Those currents, however, bring nutrient-rich water that feeds an impressive array of marine life. It’s one of the best places in the Hurghada area to spot grey reef sharks, especially later in the day when these predators tend to be more active along the wall. On the plateau, divers frequently encounter large free-swimming moray eels and schools of goatfish and snapper browsing over the coral heads. Schools of jacks and barracudas patrol the reef’s edge, and in the blue water you might catch a glimpse of tunas or other pelagics passing by. With its combination of a beautiful coral plateau, a dramatic wall, and the excitement of big fish sightings, Shabrur Umm Gamar is a memorable dive for those up to the challenge.

Carless Reef

Carless Reef (often spelled “Careless Reef”) is an isolated offshore reef rising abruptly from the depths about an hour’s boat ride from Hurghada. This mid-sea reef is famous for its two prominent coral pinnacles that peak just a few meters below the surface on the central plateau (around 14-16m deep). Surrounding these coral towers, the reef platform extends with beautiful hard coral gardens before plunging into steep walls on all sides, disappearing into very deep water. Because Carless Reef offers no shelter from waves or wind, diving here is only possible in calm conditions – a factor that has helped keep its corals in excellent condition.

Underwater, Carless Reef is teeming with life and is especially known for its friendly giant moray eels. Divers often spot multiple large morays freely swimming in the open or curling between the pinnacles, sometimes even during the day. The plateau area is home to thick schools of reef fish: expect swarms of fusiliers, sergeant majors, and basslets hovering above the coral heads. The pinnacles themselves are covered in colorful soft corals and provide hiding spots for scorpionfish and cleaner shrimp. Along the drop-offs, the scene changes to pelagic life – look out for hunting barracuda, trevally, and occasionally a passing turtle or Napoleon wrasse. In the summer, Carless Reef can also attract roving jacks and tuna in the blue. With its vibrant coral formations and abundant fish, this site offers a snapshot of the Red Sea’s health when protected from heavy diver traffic, making it a highlight for those lucky enough to catch it on a good day.

Abu Nugar

Abu Nugar is a large T-shaped reef system situated to the north of Hurghada, almost towards El Gouna. The reef stretches out with a main ridge and a perpendicular branch, creating an extensive sheltered area. Around Abu Nugar, a broad sand flat lies at 12-15m depth, dotted with numerous coral patches and bommies both large and small. There are actually several distinct dive sites in the vicinity of Abu Nugar (such as Shaab Iris, Gotta Abu Nugar, etc.), but generally the area is characterized by its relatively shallow depth and patchwork of coral heads rising from the sand. The result is an underwater terrain of mini-walls, sandy alleys, and coral gardens that are a joy to explore slowly.

Because Abu Nugar is a bit farther from the main tourist hubs, it sees fewer divers and thus its corals are impressively pristine. This pristine environment supports a rich variety of marine life. In the shallows, fields of healthy staghorn and brain corals provide habitat for schooling bannerfish and fairy basslets. You’ll often find sand eels peeking up from the seabed and garden eels swaying in the distance on the sand flats. Poking around the coral bommies, divers can encounter curious Napoleon wrasses, shy Red Sea walkman scorpionfish camouflaged on the sand, and even the occasional reef octopus blending into the terrain. Abu Nugar’s quieter, less-visited nature gives divers the delightful feeling of discovery — it’s a place where you might have an entire coral garden to yourself, with only the crackle of reef fish and the sight of unspoiled corals as company.

bannerfish in hurghada egypt

Sakhwa Abu Galawa

Sakhwa Abu Galawa is the northernmost part of the Abu Galawa reef complex, and it offers a mix of reef structures that make for an intriguing dive. “Sakhwa” in Arabic can imply a spacious or open area, which is fitting as this site includes both an open coral garden and the start of a steep wall. The dive typically begins on a coral slope around 8-10m that quickly transitions into a lush garden of hard and soft corals. As you progress seaward, the seascape changes: the coral garden gives way to a vertical wall dropping beyond 30m into the blue. This dual topography means divers can enjoy shallow reef time and also peer over a dramatic drop-off in the same dive.

The marine life at Sakhwa Abu Galawa benefits from its relative remoteness and the currents that brush the wall. In the shallow coral garden, you’ll encounter an array of reef fish such as butterflyfish, goatfish, and surgeonfish weaving among the corals. Look closely and you might find well-camouflaged stonefish or scorpionfish resting on ledges. As you approach the wall edge, schools of pelagic fish become more evident – snappers and fusiliers cluster where the reef starts to fall away. Along the wall itself, keep an eye out for big visitors: barracudas often patrol the drop-off, and there’s always a chance (especially on afternoon dives) to glimpse a grey reef shark gliding by in the depths. With its vibrant shallow corals and exciting wall section, Sakhwa Abu Galawa showcases both calm beauty and a hint of the wild blue beyond.

butterflyfish in hurghada egypt

Gotta Abu Galawa

Gotta Abu Galawa is a standalone circular reef (the word “Gotta” means a small reef or pinnacle) adjacent to the larger Abu Galawa system. This dive site is essentially a coral tower that comes up from a sandy seabed at about 15-18m and reaches to within a few meters of the surface. Around the base of this main reef, a sandy plateau spreads out, populated by a cluster of coral pinnacles and blocks that are scattered like mushrooms around the central “island” of reef. The layout provides a beautiful 360-degree reef dive where one can circle the main reef and also venture off to explore the nearby coral bommies.

Marine life flourishes at Gotta Abu Galawa thanks to its healthy corals and isolated nature. The main reef and surrounding pinnacles are adorned with hard corals, including lettuce and brain corals, which host all manner of reef creatures. Bright purple and orange anthias (fairy basslets) flutter above every coral head, and lionfish hover patiently in the overhangs waiting for an easy meal. On the sandy patches, you might spot garden eels retreating shyly as you approach, or a flounder perfectly camouflaged against the sand. Schools of goatfish and sweetlips often aggregate near the reef bottom, stirring up sand in search of food. Mid-water, it’s common to see agile blue fusiliers and even the occasional marauding trevally. The whole site has clear water and great light, making it a picturesque dive that’s especially enjoyable for photographers and those who appreciate classic coral reef scenery.

Marsa Abu Galawa

Marsa Abu Galawa is essentially a large natural lagoon on the lee side of the Abu Galawa reef, creating an oasis of calm water and a safe haven for marine life. “Marsa” means bay, and true to its name, this site is a semi-enclosed bay with a sandy bottom that gradually slopes from 5m down to about 15m at the lagoon’s mouth. Along the edges of the bay are coral gardens and patches, especially where the lagoon opens out to the sea. One defining feature of Marsa Abu Galawa is an extensive eel garden on the sandy floor – hundreds of garden eels protrude like blades of grass from the sand, swaying with the current. The sheltered nature of the site means weak currents and easy conditions, making it a perfect spot for beginners, check-out dives, or a relaxed second dive of the day.

Despite the gentle conditions, Marsa Abu Galawa offers plenty to see. The eel garden itself is a fascinating spectacle, with the shy eels retracting into their burrows as divers approach, only to pop back out as you drift further on. The sand is also home to colonies of sandy gobies and shrimp partnerships, as well as burrowing rays. Closer to the reef edges, you’ll find healthy coral growth – porites and acropora corals provide structure for various fish. Butterflyfish, angelfish, and clownfish in their anemones dot the seascape with color. In the sea grass or sandy patches, keep an eye out for camouflaged crocodilefish lying in wait or the occasional cuttlefish hovering and changing colors. Because of its calm, shallow water, Marsa Abu Galawa is also a great spot for underwater photographers to capture marine life behavior. All in all, this lagoon dive is serene and charming, showcasing the quieter side of Red Sea diving.

El Fanadir

El Fanadir is a long reef lying parallel to the shoreline just north of Hurghada’s main harbor. Stretching roughly 3 kilometers from north to south, this reef is typically dived as two sites: Fanadir North and Fanadir South. The reef’s profile features a vertical wall that extends from just below the surface down to about 6-8m, where a ledge develops into a wide sandy plateau. This plateau runs outwards from the base of the wall, with depth varying between 15m in the south and 20+ m in the north, before dropping off again into deeper water. The southern end has a broader plateau with extensive coral gardens, while the northern end offers a slightly deeper profile and sometimes stronger currents. Overall, El Fanadir is known for gentle conditions (especially at the south end), good visibility, and being an excellent site for training as well as spotting smaller marine species.

Marine life at El Fanadir is especially beloved by macro enthusiasts. Along the wall and among the scattered coral bommies on the plateau, divers can find a host of critters: scorpionfish expertly blended into rocky crevices, scuttling spider crabs and cleaner shrimps in small overhangs, and often octopuses tucked into holes, revealing themselves with a change of texture and color. The sandy areas are hunting grounds for flounders and bluespotted stingrays, and if you look carefully, you might see the mesmerizing undulation of an eagle ray passing by on the outskirts. In the coral patches, schools of goatfish and sweetlips congregate, and colonies of garden eels sway at the plateau’s edge. During night dives, El Fanadir becomes even more magical: Spanish dancer nudibranchs, basket stars, and feeding moray eels come out to explore. Because of the relatively easy diving and its proximity to Hurghada, El Fanadir is frequently visited, yet it remains rich in life, offering something for both new divers and seasoned observers alike.

scorpionfish in hurghada egypt

El Fanous

El Fanous (also spelled “El Fanous West/East for its two sides) is a reef famous for its large natural lagoon and a beacon (fanous means lantern) that once guided boats – giving the site its name. The reef forms a rough Y-shape, creating a protected lagoon on its western side that is shallow (5-8m) and sandy, with two openings to the sea. The outer sides of El Fanous slope to about 20-25m, with a mix of coral slopes and small drop-offs. The site is often divided into El Fanous East (outside the reef on the deeper side) and El Fanous West (inside or near the lagoon). Divers are usually treated to a bit of both environments by starting outside and ending the dive drifting into the lagoon.

El Fanous is most renowned for encounters with dolphins. Bottlenose dolphins frequently use the calm lagoon as a rest area, so it’s not uncommon for divers (and snorkelers) to see them either at the surface or, with luck, underwater as they glide by. Beyond dolphins, the reef life is very healthy here. On the outer reef, hard corals like cabbage and table corals provide home to reef fishes like parrotfish, hawkfish, and wrasses. You might find a turtle munching on soft corals or a giant moray peering from a hole. Heading into the lagoon, the sandy bottom is dotted with coral heads where lionfish, Arabian angelfish, and various pufferfish can be observed. The lagoon’s shallow water often has juvenile fish seeking refuge, and blue-spotted stingrays love to hide under the ledges. Given its marine life and the dolphin attraction, El Fanous offers both tranquility in its lagoon and excitement on its outer walls – a combination that makes it a favorite for many dive guides and guests.

dolphins hurghada

Turtle Bay

Turtle Bay is a gently sloping dive site tucked on the inshore side of Giftun Kabir (Big Giftun Island). It is named for the frequent presence of turtles, thanks in part to the seagrass beds found in its sheltered lagoons. The site actually consists of two small lagoons adjacent to each other, separated by a coral ridge. These lagoons are shallow, about 5-8m deep, and have sandy bottoms with patches of seagrass and coral outcrops. Moving out from the lagoons, the reef extends into a coral slope that goes down to about 15-18m before meeting the open sand. The water here is usually calm and clear, making it an easy, relaxing dive location.

As the name suggests, the highlight of Turtle Bay is often the green sea turtles that come to feed. Divers hovering quietly over the seagrass can watch these graceful reptiles munching away or swimming up for a breath of air. Apart from turtles, the marine life in the lagoons is rich in smaller reef fish. Juvenile angelfish and butterflyfish find sanctuary among the coral bommies, and it’s common to see schools of goatfish and rabbitfish grazing in the seagrass. On the sandy bottom, keep an eye out for well-camouflaged sand lizardfish or the subtle movements of a buried stingray. The surrounding coral ridges are adorned with leather corals and soft corals where clownfish dart in and out of their anemones. Outside the lagoon, occasional eagle rays might glide past on the deeper edge. Overall, Turtle Bay offers a peaceful dive with the gentle thrill of close turtle encounters, set against a backdrop of mellow, sun-lit reef scenery.

turtles hurghada

Shaab Pinky

Shaab Pinky is a thrilling drift dive located along the northeastern side of Big Giftun Island. It’s essentially a coral wall dive with an added twist: a shallow plateau appears partway through the dive, offering a change in scenery and depth. The dive usually begins at the north end of the site, where divers drop in near a sheer wall that plunges from the surface to well beyond 30m. Drifting along, you follow this wall with the reef on your left shoulder (for a typical current direction), until you start to see a plateau emerging below. That plateau lies around 12-15m and is covered with hard corals and small coral heads. Often, a notable uptick in current marks the transition zone – this is also where an impressive amount of fish life gathers. Because Shaab Pinky is fully exposed to the open sea, currents here can be strong, but they are what make the dive so vibrant.

While gliding along the deep wall, divers are treated to large gorgonian fan corals and perhaps some sizable barrel sponges attached to the vertical face. Tiny anthias flit in and out of the crevices, and if you peer into the blue, you might spot pelagics like tuna or barracuda using the current to cruise by the reef. Once you reach the plateau (the “pinky” presumably referencing a feature or just a colloquial name), the action really picks up. Huge schools of fusiliers and yellow snappers congregate here, enjoying the richer flow of water. The surge of fish life often attracts predators – it’s a good spot to see giant trevallies darting in for a hunt, or a reef shark at distance taking advantage of the currents. Among the corals on the plateau, you’ll find moray eels poking out and lionfish hovering, and sometimes an eagle ray will appear, effortlessly flying up-current. Because of its depth profile and current, Shaab Pinky is typically for intermediate to advanced divers, but it rewards with an exhilarating ride and a showcase of Red Sea marine life in full swing.

lionfish hurghada

Hamda (Stone Beach)

Hamda, also known by the nickname “Stone Beach,” is a dive site located at the northern tip of Big Giftun Island. Above water, this part of Giftun has a small pebble beach, and below water, the reef structure mirrors the island’s drop-off. Hamda is essentially a wall dive: the reef slope starts just below the surface and quickly turns vertical, dropping down to over 40m. At the very top there’s a shallow ledge or shoulder near 5m – a place where boats can sometimes anchor in calm weather – and then it’s a sheer descent. The wall is indented with a few cracks and overhangs, and in some spots large boulders and coral heads have broken off and lie on the slope creating mini-structures. Given its exposed northern location, Hamda is dived only when conditions are favorable, as waves or current can be strong here.

Diving Hamda offers the chance to see some bigger marine life alongside the typical reef residents. The upper reef is rugged and richly covered in hard corals, providing plenty of hideouts for creatures like big green moray eels and lobster. In the early part of the dive, along the steep wall, divers often encounter sizable groupers and Napoleon wrasses patrolling their territory. Schools of red-toothed triggerfish and fusiliers add constant motion, feeding in the open water just off the reef. Looking out into the blue, you might catch sight of passing pelagics – Hamda’s location means barracuda and even grey reef sharks can cruise by on occasion. Meanwhile, the wall itself is adorned with colorful soft corals and fans in the deeper sections, where purple and orange hues stand out against the blue water. In the shallows, when you return to do your safety stop, you can enjoy the “stone beach” aspect: patches of sand and coral rubble with colonies of sand perch and maybe a camouflaged octopus among the stones. Hamda, with its wild feel and less frequented waters, gives divers a taste of the untouched and adventurous side of Hurghada’s reefs.

Torfa El Shahed

Torfa El Shahed is a delightful dive site nestled near the famous Giftun Island reefs, not far from Banana Reef. “Torfa” can mean reef tip or promontory, and indeed this site lies at the edge of a reef, incorporating a shallow lagoon as well as outer coral formations. Dive boats usually moor in a protected lagoon area that is about 6-10m deep and sheltered from currents. Inside this lagoon, the sandy bottom is punctuated by coral patches and makes an easy, calm spot to begin a dive. As you swim out of the lagoon, you pass through a channel and emerge on the outer side where several ergs (coral pinnacles) rise from the depths. These pinnacles are the highlight of Torfa El Shahed: they are heavily adorned with soft corals, especially on their northern faces where the current feeds them, and are separated by sandy alleys. Depths outside range from 10m around the base of the pinnacles down to about 18-20m on the seaward side.

Because Torfa El Shahed is relatively shallow and sheltered, it boasts rich coral growth and is excellent for less experienced divers or those who want a leisurely dive full of color. The inner lagoon’s calm water is like a nursery: you’ll see countless juvenile fish, from baby butterflyfish to tiny barracuda zipping around in the shallows. As you move outward, one particular coral block is famous for “Anemone City” – a patch loaded with anemones and their resident clownfish, a favorite sight for many divers. The soft coral-covered pinnacles outside are teeming with life; glassfish shimmer in the crevices and orange anthias swarm the summits of the ergs. On the sandy bottom between the pinnacles, giant clams and garden eels can be found, and you might come across a resting turtle or a stingray half-buried in the sand. Torfa El Shahed is also known for occasional sightings of larger creatures despite its gentle appearance: bluespotted rays are common, and divers have reported spotting eagle rays or even a passing dolphin pod at times. Overall, this site’s tranquil lagoon and vibrant coral towers provide a fantastic, easy dive with a little bit of everything that Hurghada has to offer.

clownfish in the red sea

Banana Reef

Banana Reef is located in the channel between Big Giftun and Small Giftun Islands and is named for its distinct banana-like curve when seen from above. The reef extends in a crescent shape, with its convex side facing north into the deep Giftun channel. This north side features a steep wall that drops to 30m and beyond, making for an impressive deep-water backdrop. The south, inner side of the reef slopes more gently and connects towards Small Giftun. At the eastern tip of Banana Reef lies a detached coral pinnacle often included in the dive, sometimes referred to as Banana Pinnacle or just “the Banana”. The top of this pinnacle is around 10-12m and the base near 25m, and it’s a highlight due to its soft corals. Because of the reef’s position, there can be current, especially rounding the eastern tip, so dives often start upcurrent and end by drifting.

Banana Reef offers a dynamic mix of marine life. Starting along the north wall, divers are met with huge gorgonian fans and big coral outcrops where groupers and big-eye emperors hover. Mid-water, schools of pyramid butterflyfish and red-toothed triggerfish pick at plankton, and it’s common to see a hawksbill turtle cruising along the reef looking for sponges to snack on. As you approach the pinnacle at the tip, the current might pick up, but with it comes schools of pelagic fish; barracuda and mackerel often swirl in the blue, and if you’re lucky, a squadron of eagle rays might glide past in formation. The pinnacle itself is a fish magnet – its upper half is usually engulfed in swarms of orange anthias, and you’ll find soft corals in reds and pinks blooming on its surface. Snappers and soldierfish shelter in the lee of the current around this pinnacle. After exploring it, many divers let the current gently carry them to the leeward side of Banana Reef to finish the dive on the shallower coral garden. Here, the sunlight illuminates thriving hard corals and patches of sand where bluespotted rays might be resting. The variety in coral structures and marine encounters at Banana Reef – from walls and currents to calm gardens – means it can offer something exciting for every diver, be it stunning scenery or the thrill of spotting larger ocean visitors.

Shaab Sabina

Shaab Sabina is renowned for its stunning coral garden, often described as a natural maze or labyrinth of coral formations. Situated in the channel between Big Giftun and Small Giftun, it lies west of the main Giftun reefs. The site is characterized by a relatively flat expanse that is shallow (mostly 5-14m) and covered with an array of hard corals. Rather than a single reef structure, Shaab Sabina consists of numerous coral heads and patches separated by sandy channels, creating the feel of an underwater garden path that divers can wander through. The edges of the coral garden gently slope down but remain in recreational depths, which, combined with frequently mild currents, makes this site ideal for a relaxed drift dive.

The sheer density and variety of corals at Shaab Sabina are what make it special. Huge dome corals, tables, and brain corals form the “walls” of the maze, and in between are thickets of staghorn coral. This environment is perfect for reef fish – expect to be surrounded by swarms of sergeant majors, fusiliers, and damsels weaving in and out of the coral heads. Schools of bannerfish hover over the corals, and almost every crevice hides something interesting, be it a skulking grouper or a timid cleaner shrimp. Because the site is shallow with plenty of sunlight, the colors here are vivid. Parrotfish of all shapes and hues nibble at the algae on the coral, while flutefish and trumpetfish drift lazily, sometimes aligning with divers for cover as they hunt small prey. If you look into the sandier patches, you might find a camouflaged crocodilefish or a few garden eels at the periphery of the garden. Occasionally, a graceful eagle ray might pass over the corals, or a turtle might make an appearance, snacking on soft corals. Photographers love Shaab Sabina for its bright conditions and the ability to get very close to marine life in the narrow coral alleys. It’s a site that exemplifies the Red Sea’s coral diversity and beauty, and divers often end the dive feeling like they’ve explored a secret garden under the sea.

Erg Somaya

Erg Somaya is an exciting pinnacle dive located just south of Small Giftun Island’s famous drift area. An “erg” is a coral pinnacle, and in this case, Somaya’s erg rises from a sloping reef base at around 30+ meters up to roughly 12-15m below the surface. The site is somewhat exposed, perched at the edge of the Giftun channel, which means it often experiences strong currents. Because of that, dive boats will only anchor here in very calm weather; more commonly, Erg Somaya is done as part of a drift dive that includes the nearby Small Giftun wall. The underwater scenery is dramatic: right beneath the boat (or entry point) the reef drops steeply, and then you quickly encounter the pinnacle – a towering coral column sometimes described as a chimney. Beyond the pinnacle, the reef continues as a vertical wall towards the south.

This is a site that can deliver big-fish action and colorful reef scenes all in one. The pinnacle itself is lush with soft corals. When you descend to around 25-30m to see its base, you’ll find its sides covered in purple and pink soft coral blooms, as well as large sea fans on deeper sections. Oftentimes a dense school of glassfish or silversides will be shimmering around the erg, seeking shelter from the current. Inside the nooks of the pinnacle there might be a giant moray or a family of lionfish taking refuge from the flow. However, your eyes will constantly be drawn to the blue water: Erg Somaya’s currents attract passing pelagics. Divers frequently see trevally and jack fish here, darting in to hunt the swarms of baitfish. Barracudas may hover at the edge of visibility, and occasionally a reef shark or two might make an appearance, especially out in the deeper water beyond the pinnacle. As the dive often concludes drifting along the wall, you get a second phase where you might encounter tuna speeding by or eagle rays on the move. Meanwhile, on the wall, keep an eye for macro treasures like longnose hawkfish perched on the fan corals or vivid flatworms inching along the sponges. Erg Somaya is typically recommended for advanced divers due to depth and current, but those who dive it are rewarded with one of the more adrenaline-pumping and scenically beautiful dives in the Hurghada area.

Small Giftun

Small Giftun Island (Giftun Soraya) offers several dive routes around it, but the signature experience here is the famous drift dive often referred to as the “Police Station” drift, named after a tiny ranger outpost on the island. The east side of Small Giftun features a magnificent wall that starts right at the surface and drops vertically to about 40m or more. Toward the southern tip of the island, this wall gives way to a sloping coral plateau and a corner that wraps around to the west side. Divers typically enter at the northern end of the east wall and ride the current southward, making for a leisurely drift with fantastic views. The current can range from gentle to quite strong, but the dive boat will follow along and pick up divers once they come around the southern point or when they surface.

The Small Giftun drift is often touted as one of Hurghada’s best dives due to the spectacular coral and fish life. Along the sheer wall, enormous gorgonian fans protrude at intervals, some over 2 meters across, home to tiny hawkfish and other critters. Divers may also notice large coral overhangs and the entrance to the famous cave (at about 12m) which is more of a swim-through crack that advanced divers sometimes peek into. While drifting, it’s common to be accompanied by red-toothed triggerfish and orange anthias that seem to dance in the current. Larger pelagic fish often come by too – keep an eye out for great barracuda silently shadowing the group, or giant trevallies and tunas making quick passes in the blue. As you approach the corner (the police station area), the wall transitions to a coral garden. Here, at 15-20m, are giant coral heads and pinnacles where the current tends to eddy. These bommies are often patrolled by big Napoleon wrasses and grouper, and hide gentle giants like turtle residents. Schools of batfish and unicornfish often aggregate near the point, enjoying the flow. By the time divers reach the southwest side of Small Giftun, the reef flattens out – a good spot to deploy a surface balloon and ascend. During the safety stop, you can continue to admire the hard corals below and maybe spot a moray eel or two poking out for a final hello. The Small Giftun dive is typically a one-way journey brimming with coral beauty and marine life, making it a highlight of any Hurghada dive itinerary.

North Abu Ramada

North Abu Ramada is located at the far end of Abu Ramada Island (also known as “Aquarius” island), and it provides a thrilling drift dive environment. At the northern tip of the island, the reef extends into a broad plateau about 20-25m deep. This plateau is decorated with coral heads and boulders, and then as you move further north and east, it transitions into a steep wall that drops into the depths. There is also a notable feature known as a “halg” (Arabic for neck) on the east side – basically a narrow saddle or channel in the reef that cuts partway into the island’s end. Because the site sticks out into the open sea, current is a defining factor; often it’s too rough to anchor directly, so dives here are commonly done as drifts from north to south along the east wall. If conditions permit a mooring on the plateau, divers can also explore the area in a non-drift manner, but usually expect to go with the flow.

The marine life on North Abu Ramada is adapted to this current-swept habitat. On the plateau, where the dive might start, you’ll see fields of sturdy hard corals and patches of sand. Large table corals and brain corals house clusters of reef fish like damsels, butterflyfish, and sometimes colonies of garden eels at the sandy fringes. One attraction on the plateau dive guides often point out is a shallow cave or swim-through around 25-30m, with a chimney-like vertical opening – inside it, glassfish shimmer and sweepers cluster, and occasionally a big grouper lurks seeking a meal. As you drift along the wall, the action picks up: schools of surgeonfish and black snapper relish the moving water, plastering themselves along the reef edge. You might spot orange anthias streaming out from crevices, oriented head-into the current, and along the wall itself, beautiful soft corals and sponges appear in deeper sections. Pelagic visitors are common here; barracuda often hang at the periphery, and divers have encountered eagle rays or even mantas passing by when plankton blooms. It’s also a known area for encountering reef sharks – especially in the early morning or late afternoon, a grey reef or white tip reef shark might glide beneath the group along the drop-off. As the dive comes to an end and you approach the eastern “neck” or corner of the island, you’ll likely hit some turbulence in the current. This is where many dives end with a pickup, leaving divers exhilarated. North Abu Ramada’s combination of a vibrant plateau, a stunning wall, and the excitement of big fish in current makes it a top choice for divers looking for a bit of adrenaline with their coral reef diving.

Erg Abu Ramada

Erg Abu Ramada sits off the southeast side of Abu Ramada Island and is an isolated cluster of coral pillars that form an enchanting underwater playground. The site consists of three main ergs (pinnacles) that rise from a sandy seabed at about 18-20m and nearly break the surface at their tops. These three coral towers stand in a row, aligned roughly north-south, with the southernmost being the largest and the northernmost the smallest. Surrounding them is a flat expanse of white sand dotted with garden eels and bits of coral rubble. Because Erg Abu Ramada is exposed to the open sea, it is not always accessible; boats head there when winds and waves are minimal. The difficulty in reaching it regularly has a silver lining: the site remains less diver-impacted and the coral on the pinnacles is exceptionally lush.

Dropping into Erg Abu Ramada is like entering an untouched aquarium. The pinnacles are draped in vibrant soft corals in yellows, pinks, and purples, especially on the sides facing the prevailing current. Huge bushy black coral trees and fans also protrude from the sides of the ergs. Diving usually involves slowly spiraling around each pinnacle to take in the full 360-degree view and marine life. You’ll see thousands of tiny golden anthias fish carpeting the pinnacles, moving as one as they feed on plankton. Closer to the coral surface, bright purple fairy basslets and royal angelfish add splashes of color. Moray eels here are notably unafraid – it’s common to see several swimming out in the open or weaving between the towers. Schools of crescent-tail bigeye and soldierfish congregate in the slight shelter behind the ergs, and along the sand you might spot goatfish snuffling for food. Photographers love the small caves or cuts on the sides of the largest erg; inside one such nook, you often find glassfish and perhaps a resting octopus or a lionfish waiting for dusk. Because currents can be tricky, sometimes divers will focus on just the lee sides of the pinnacles if the water is flowing, but when it’s calm, exploring the whole circumference of each is possible and rewarding. In the blue around the ergs, keep watch for passing jacks or an inquisitive barracuda – they’re attracted by the concentration of smaller fish. Erg Abu Ramada is often called an “advanced” site due to conditions, but the dive itself is not deep or complex – it’s pure pleasure, offering a glimpse of the Red Sea’s coral gardens at their most thriving.

South Abu Ramada

South Abu Ramada refers to the reef extending off the southern tip of Abu Ramada Island. At the surface, you’ll notice a few rocks and a tiny islet off the main island – underwater, this translates to an interesting landscape of reef structures. The dive site encompasses a gently sloping reef face on the south side, a vertical wall on the east where it drops to about 30-35m, and a coral garden area to the southwest. One distinctive feature on the eastern wall is a large, bubble-shaped cavern or overhang around 25-30m – often called the Chimney or Bubble Cave – with several entrances and exits, which advanced divers sometimes explore briefly. The southwestern part of the site, closer to the islet, is home to numerous coral towers and pinnacles that rise from about 20m up to 5m, creating an underwater topography akin to a city skyline. The reef top in the shallow bay area is relatively flat and sandy, making for an easy finish near the boat moorings.

The sea conditions at South Abu Ramada are usually calm, protected from most winds except an unusual southerly, which means visibility is often great and currents are mild. This has helped foster a rich marine ecosystem. Starting on the eastern wall, divers can encounter large schools of bannerfish and red sea fusiliers feeding in the mild current. The Bubble Cave, if visited, reveals a mesmerizing scene of sunlight filtering through holes with glassfish shimmering inside and soft corals lining the ceiling like chandeliers. Moving to the coral towers in the south and west, you’ll enter a wonderland of reef life. These pinnacles are hotspots for biodiversity: look for giant puffers and sweetlips hovering near the bases, titan triggerfish crunching on coral up top, and arabian angelfish patrolling in pairs. The sandy channels between the towers often hide blue-spotted stingrays and sometimes an elusive guitarfish if you’re lucky. Among the towers, because of the somewhat labyrinthine layout, you might suddenly find yourself amidst a school of hundreds of yellowtail barracuda or bump into a free-swimming moray eel on its commute to a new hiding spot. The main reef slope itself, closer to the island, is a great place to find smaller creatures – colonies of feather duster worms, flounders on the sand, or even a frogfish if your guide knows where one has been hiding. With its blend of calm conditions, an intriguing cavern, and a prolific coral garden, South Abu Ramada offers divers a bit of everything, all wrapped in a relaxed, almost ethereal underwater atmosphere.

Gotta Abu Ramada (Aquarium)

Gotta Abu Ramada, commonly nicknamed “The Aquarium,” is one of Hurghada’s most beloved dive sites due to its startling abundance of fish. “Gotta” means a small isolated reef, and true to form, Gotta Abu Ramada is a standalone oval-shaped reef just to the southeast of Abu Ramada Island. It rises from a sandy seabed about 14-15m deep up to a shallow reef flat that nearly reaches the surface. The reef is encircled by sand at 12-15m depth, and on its periphery lie a number of coral outcroppings and pinnacles — notably, two larger ergs on the west side and a series of three smaller pinnacles on the east. These, plus the reef itself, form the structure of the dive. Conditions here are usually gentle with minimal current, and divers often have the flexibility to choose which part of the reef to explore (east side, west side, or a full circle, time permitting).

Underwater, “Aquarium” is an apt name. From the moment you descend, you’ll be greeted by swarms of reef fish that seem almost accustomed to divers. In the shallows, bright orange anthias cover the reef top by the thousands. As you move along, schools of goatfish and yellow snappers cluster and part gently to let you through. On the sandy bottom around the reef, it’s common to find a posse of blue-spotted stingrays and occasionally an idle leopard shark napping (true to a real aquarium, even the sharks seem calm here!). The coral pinnacles on the west are particularly lively; they are home to groups of sweetlips, squirrelfish hiding in the slight shade, and tall stands of soft coral that wave with the surge. On the east side, the trio of smaller ergs is a playground for Red Sea bannerfish and hunting trevallies that weave among them looking for an easy catch. Many divers also encounter a curious Napoleon wrasse or two — these large, friendly fish often approach groups closely, sometimes even allowing a gentle stroke. Sea turtles are also spotted regularly, calmly feeding on soft corals or ascending for a breath. One of the memorable sights at Gotta Abu Ramada is the “wall of glassfish” phenomenon: certain overhangs on the main reef or caves in the pinnacles can be so full of tiny glassfish that the school moves as one shimmering curtain, parting only when a predator like a jackfish darts through. Given the shallow depth and plentiful light, colors pop on this reef, making it a snorkeler’s and diver’s delight alike. Gotta Abu Ramada is often reserved as a final dive of the day, a sort of relaxing yet thrilling show where divers of all levels can immerse themselves in a whirlwind of marine life — truly feeling like they’re in a giant natural aquarium.

El Aruk Giftun

El Aruk Giftun is an expansive coral pinnacle field situated north of Big Giftun Island, often likened to a “mushroom garden” under the sea. “Aruk” means pillars or pinnacles, and here an entire plateau is littered with them – over 40 coral columns are spread across a sandy bottom at about 10-15m depth. There isn’t a main reef structure; instead, these ergs (pinnacles) of varying sizes create a maze-like dive site that you can weave through in almost any direction. Some pinnacles are clustered closely together, while others stand more isolated. The area is fairly protected by Giftun Island from big waves, so the water is usually calm, though a mild current can flow across the plateau from time to time. Because of the large area it covers, dive boats often pick one section of El Aruk Giftun to explore (and there are indeed multiple named spots within this vast site). No matter which section you dive, the theme is consistent: shallow depth, great light, and lots of microhabitats to inspect.

The abundance of scattered coral towers at El Aruk Giftun means an immense variety of marine life finds refuge here. Many of the pinnacles have small caves or overhangs at their bases – peering inside, you’re likely to find copper sweepers and cardinalfish packed in tight, or perhaps a big-eye soldierfish looking back at you. Around the bases in the sand, it’s common to see dozens of sand gobies hovering and then disappearing into their holes as you approach, while flounders lie flat and nearly invisible until they scoot away. On the pinnacles themselves, hard corals such as Acropora tables and Porites domes are interspersed with soft corals and sponges. This rich habitat supports everything from nudibranchs to schooling fish. Lionfish love this area; you’ll often see them in small groups, particularly under ledges, resting in the daytime. Scorpionfish are masters of camouflage on the coral faces – your guide might point out one that you’ve swum right past. One of the special treats of El Aruk Giftun is encountering the “scorpionfish’s cousin,” the Red Sea walkman (a type of venomous stonefish) which blends perfectly with the rubble at the foot of some pinnacles. It’s a macro photographer’s delight to find one slowly “walking” on its pectoral fins. Meanwhile, swirling around the upper sections of the pinnacles are schools of sergeant majors and Arabian chromis that seem to follow you. Given the flat depth, dives here can be longer, allowing you to really take time at each coral head. Occasionally, divers spot octopuses moving between hideouts or a shy bluespotted ribbontail ray tucked under a coral bommie. The feeling of El Aruk Giftun is like being in a submerged coral forest – every turn reveals something new, and the play of sunlight on the sand and corals adds to the magic of this site.

El Aruk Eltawila

El Aruk Eltawila is the northeastern extension of the coral pinnacle field north of Giftun, and its name “Eltawila” hints at length or elongation – befitting for a site where the pinnacles line up in a long chain. Here, a series of tall coral columns stand in a row on a sandy seabed about 12m deep, so closely spaced that from one pinnacle you can see the next and the next beyond that. The layout feels like a natural corridor or avenue of coral. Each pinnacle varies slightly in shape: some are split with a crack, some have small arches, others are solid towers. The shallowest points of these ergs come up to around 3-5m from the surface, meaning plenty of ambient light bathes the area. Divers typically will zig-zag between the structures, exploring one, then crossing a sand patch to the next. Since the site is somewhat protected behind Giftun, conditions are normally calm, but a gentle current may sweep along the line of pinnacles, aiding a relaxed drift from one end to the other.

Swimming through El Aruk Eltawila feels like exploring an underwater cathedral with pillared halls. The marine life is concentrated around the pinnacles, leaving the sandy corridors as clear pathways (where you might see the occasional sand-diver fish or a passing leopard blenny). On the ergs, the action is nonstop. Baselines of the pinnacles often host gatherings of glassfish that shimmer and shift as a single entity when a predator, like a jack or lionfish, comes by. Look closely at the overhangs of each pinnacle and you are likely to spot groups of long-spined sea urchins and cleaner shrimp that take shelter there. On one pinnacle, you might find a colony of anemones with dozens of clownfish bobbing in and out; on another, a big resident malabar grouper might be parked calmly, eyeing you as you pass. Because the structures are separate, fish can dart between them, and you’ll witness that – for instance, a squad of goatfish might leave one pillar’s base in a cloud of sand as they forage, only to regroup at the next pillar. Schools of snapper and bream cruise the length of the site, making wide arcs and then coming back to the reef for security. The coral itself is in excellent condition, with the upper parts of the pinnacles covered in golden soft corals that dance with the slight surge. These soft corals are particularly gorgeous when they catch the sunlight from above, glowing orange and yellow. With the mild current bringing nutrients, you’ll also see a lot of filter feeders – feather stars and basket stars clinging to the sides of the coral, extending their arms to catch plankton. In the blue gap between ergs, it’s not unusual to have a curious batfish or two tailing the dive group, seemingly as intrigued by the divers as we are by them. El Aruk Eltawila is a site that exemplifies leisurely exploration; divers come away charmed by its unique linear reef formation and the feeling of being immersed in an undersea avenue full of life at every turn.

Shaab Ishta

Shaab Ishta is a petite and charming dive site on the wide Magawish reef plateau, and it proves that size doesn’t matter when it comes to underwater beauty. The site’s name “Ishta” means cream, possibly referring to its smooth, easy conditions or its “sweet” smaller size. It consists of two small coral pinnacles (ergs) that sit very close to each other on a sandy bottom of about 8-10m. These twin ergs are the focal point of the dive, rising up to roughly 3-4m below the surface. Around them, the sand flats extend with scattered patches of seagrass and little bits of coral rubble. The simplicity of the site’s geography – two coral heads and surrounding sand – makes it an ideal spot for novice divers, training dives, or anyone who loves to search for macro life in a calm, shallow setting.

Despite its shallow depth and small area, Shaab Ishta buzzes with marine life. The two coral pinnacles are like oases that attract all sorts of creatures from the surrounding sand. They’re heavily decorated with soft corals, especially leather corals and Xenia (pulse corals), giving them a fluffy, garden-like appearance. Among these corals live countless tiny creatures. You can find families of clownfish in anemones swaying on the pinnacle sides, and not far away a scorpionfish might be perched, virtually invisible until pointed out. Schools of silvery sweepers often cluster in the shaded crevices between the two ergs, seeking refuge from the sun and larger predators. On the sand, the seagrass patches are worth inspecting closely – they harbor cryptic critters like seahorses and pipefish that are masters of disguise. Sharp-eyed divers might also spot nudibranchs inching along the base of the reef or the aptly named sand divers (lizardfish) lying still, waiting for unsuspecting prey. With limited hiding places around, any larger fish in the vicinity tend to show themselves; it’s not uncommon to see a lone trumpetfish weaving vertically alongside a coral head trying to blend in, or a curious pufferfish boldly coming right up to your mask. The gentle nature of the environment at Shaab Ishta means many juvenile fish thrive here. You’ll see baby butterflyfish and tiny angelfish that have made these pinnacles their nursery, flitting about in miniature proportions compared to their adult counterparts on bigger reefs. For underwater photographers and critter enthusiasts, Shaab Ishta is a little gem – the kind of site where, in 6 meters of water, you can spend an hour and still surface with plenty of air, having discovered a whole world of small wonders that many divers speeding by might miss.

Aruk Talata

Aruk Talata, meaning “Three Pinnacles,” is another highlight of the Magawish plateau and is named for a trio of prominent coral heads that characterize the site. Here, in roughly 10-12m of water, stand three main ergs, along with several smaller ones, forming a cluster of coral formations on a mostly sandy seabed. These pinnacles are set a short distance apart from each other, creating swim-through spaces and sand channels around them. The area of reef isn’t huge, but what’s there is densely covered in life. The tops of the pinnacles come up to about 5m below the surface, making the whole scene well-lit and ideal for long, leisurely dives. The shallow depth also allows divers to examine every nook and cranny without worrying about bottom time, which is great because Aruk Talata is known for anemones and clownfish – something you’ll want to spend time watching up close.

Diving Aruk Talata is like visiting a lively neighborhood of reef residents. One pinnacle in particular has gained the nickname “Clownfish City” because it hosts an incredible number of anemones, each with its own family of clownfish (anemonefish). It’s not an exaggeration to say dozens of anemones carpet that coral head – a sight that immediately brings a smile to any diver’s face as the playful clownfish pop in and out of their swaying homes. Another pinnacle might be a cleaning station, where you can pause and witness cleaner wrasses attending to larger fish like groupers or even a passing turtle that knows this spot as the local spa. The sand around the bases is home to a different set of creatures: gobies and their partner shrimp share burrows (the shrimp digs, the goby stands guard), and you can often spot their little heads peeking out in tandem. Blue-spotted stingrays are extremely common here too, gliding between the coral heads or half-buried in the sand, their electric blue spots making them easy to recognize. There have been times when lucky divers saw an entire squadron of them move together from one patch of sand to another. For mid-sized fish, schools of goatfish and sweetlips hang around the outskirts of the reef, while inquisitive dottybacks and basslets patrol the vertical faces of the pinnacles. Barracudas sometimes linger higher up near the sunlight, and on rarer occasions, a small group of squid might be seen hovering, pulsing rainbow colors across their bodies. Given Aruk Talata’s moderate size, divers can circle the area more than once, often noticing new details on the second pass. It’s the kind of site where the more you look, the more you find – whether it’s a tiny translucent shrimp on a sea cucumber or a well-camouflaged frogfish pretending to be part of a sponge. In essence, Aruk Talata provides a concentrated dose of Red Sea biodiversity within a shallow, diver-friendly arena, making it a firm favorite particularly for those who adore observing fish behavior and interactions.

Ras Disha

Ras Disha is a headland bay dive in the southern part of Hurghada’s coast. The main fringing reef wraps around a sheltered sandy bay, sloping down to about 15–20m. Several large coral pinnacles rise from the bay’s sandy bottom at 10–12m, one of which features a short tunnel (around 5m deep) that divers can swim through. These standalone coral blocks and the surrounding reef create a varied underwater landscape of swim-throughs, mini-walls, and sand flats, all in typically calm conditions.

Marine life thrives in this mix of habitats. The tunnel is often filled with swirling glassfish and patrolling lionfish, making for an exciting swim-through. Around the coral bommies, healthy hard corals host schools of butterflyfish, angelfish, and hovering basslets. It’s common to find moray eels and octopuses tucked into crevices, while blue-spotted stingrays glide over the sandy areas. In the shallows near the reef, there’s a small cavern that serves as a nursery for glassfish and sweepers. Divers ending the dive in the shallow bay can enjoy a safety stop amid a “fish nursery” and even spot the occasional turtle cruising by. Ras Disha offers easy diving with plenty to explore – from fun swim-throughs to abundant reef life – making it enjoyable for all levels.

Abu Hashish

Abu Hashish is a broad reef encircling a small island at Hurghada’s southern fringe. The reef features a wide plateau starting around 8–10m, covered in hard corals and patches of seagrass, before it slopes to a drop-off beyond 20m. Along the plateau are numerous coral heads and sand patches, and on the southeast outer reef the plateau transitions into a steep wall. The combination of coral garden, seagrass bed, and wall offers multiple environments in one dive.

Abu Hashish is known for its rich marine life, especially in the seagrass and coral mix. The shallow seagrass meadow is a favorite feeding ground for blue-spotted stingrays – divers often see many of them dotting the sand or cruising between grass patches. You might also find a green turtle munching on the seagrass or a large moray eel hunting openly. Over the coral heads, schools of goatfish and snapper congregate, and lionfish and scorpionfish lurk near ledges. The drop-off edge attracts reef fish like bannerfish and provides sightings of pelagics: trevallies or barracudas occasionally pass by. Abu Hashish’s varied terrain, from calm shallows with rays to deeper walls with big fish, makes it a dynamic and appealing site.

El Mina Wreck

The El Mina is an Egyptian minesweeper warship that was sunk in the Hurghada harbor in the 1970s. It now rests on its port side at approximately 30m depth on a sandy seabed just outside the marina, with the starboard side and mast rising to about 17m. The hull is largely intact, complete with deck guns and portholes, though an explosion damage is visible midship. Diving El Mina is a descent into history – the silhouette of the 60m-long warship looms as you approach, often with visibility affected slightly by harbor sediment.

Despite its military origins, the wreck has transformed into an artificial reef bustling with life. Hard corals and sponges cling to the steel hull, and feather stars colonize the railings. The ship’s interior spaces, like the bridge and cargo holds, are accessible to trained wreck divers (with care), and inside you’ll find countless glassfish and sweepers shimmering in your torch light. Around the exterior, expect to see lionfish and scorpionfish camouflaged against the rusty hull, and sometimes large groupers or sweetlips hovering near the wreck. Schools of bannerfish and batfish often linger off the superstructure, and curious pufferfish weave through the beams. Due to its depth, El Mina is an advanced dive, but it offers a unique blend of WWII-era atmosphere and thriving marine inhabitants – a favorite for wreck enthusiasts visiting Hurghada.

Small Fishing Boat Wreck

Not far from the El Mina lies a second, smaller wreck – the remains of a local fishing boat that sunk near the harbor. This wooden-hulled boat, often just called the “Fishing Boat Wreck,” settled in shallower water (around 15–18m) and over time has broken apart on the seabed. Planks, ribs, and the outline of the vessel are still discernible, scattered over the sand and coral rubble.

Though modest in size, the fishing boat wreck is teeming with marine life. The wreckage provides shelter for juvenile reef fish and critters: look for schools of tiny glassfish hiding in the nooks of the fallen planks and pipefish weaving through the debris. Hard corals and algae have grown on the wooden remains, attracting grazing parrotfish and blennies. Often a resident stonefish or frogfish can be found here, expertly camouflaged against the wreck’s remnants. In the sand around the site, keep an eye out for snake eels or flounders. This spot is usually dived in combination with El Mina as a shallow follow-up dive – a relaxing exploration that contrasts the big metal warship with a quieter, more “reef-like” wreck full of small surprises.

Balina Wreck (Magawish)

The Balina is a small wreck near the Magawish Islands area, and though sometimes called a “harbor wreck,” it actually lies in a sheltered coastal spot perfect for training and check dives. The wreck is believed to be a former leisure boat or yacht that sank and now sits in very shallow water – the deepest part around 10m and some sections as shallow as 6m. Over the years, the Balina’s structure has weathered and opened up, effectively turning into an artificial reef composed of timbers, hull fragments, and metal fittings strewn across the sand.

This shallow wreck has become a haven for a variety of marine life. The wreckage is heavily encrusted with sponges, hydroids, and a few hard corals, giving it a “reef” appearance. Tiny gobies and blennies dart among the encrusted debris, and colonies of tube worms and tunicates cover the flatter surfaces. You’ll often find lionfish hovering under any overhangs of the wreck, and scorpionfish resting on the beams – so well camouflaged that careful observation is needed. Because of the calm shallow conditions, many juvenile fish take refuge here: baby angelfish, butterflyfish, and even juvenile groupers can be seen investigating the nooks. In the surrounding sand, there are usually sand dollars and sea cucumbers, and occasionally a curious cuttlefish will pass by, changing color as it hovers over the wreck. The Balina Wreck might not be a large, intact shipwreck, but it offers an easy, fascinating shallow dive, especially appreciated by macro photographers and those who enjoy slow, detail-oriented exploration.

Abu Nuhas (Reef)

Abu Nuhas is a notorious coral reef located in the Strait of Gubal, northwest of Hurghada, known as the “Ships’ Graveyard of the Red Sea.” The reef itself is a triangular-shaped coral plateau that lurks just below the surface – a hazard for ships over the years. Its northern side slopes steeply from the surface to about 30m and then into the deep, and it’s along this side that several ships met their fate. The south side of Abu Nuhas, in contrast, has a shallow coral garden and sand flats, which are rarely dived compared to the wreck-rich north. Most dive trips to Abu Nuhas focus on the wrecks, but the reef environment around them is also rich and vibrant.

As a reef, Abu Nuhas offers beautiful hard coral formations and plenty of marine life, especially on the less disturbed southern portion. Large table corals and mountain coral heads create shelters for blue-green chromis, butterflyfish, and angelfish. Schools of surgeonfish often sweep across the reef crest, and giant clams encrust the coral faces. Divers who take a moment to explore the living reef between wreck dives might find octopuses blending into rocky crevices or spotted eagle rays cruising along the edge of the drop-off. Still, the infamy of Abu Nuhas comes from the four shipwrecks that lie in its shadow – diving here is usually a combination of appreciating the coral reef and descending onto historic wreck sites now teeming with fish. It’s this unique combination of a healthy reef with the eerie allure of wrecks that makes Abu Nuhas a legendary stop for Hurghada liveaboards and day trips alike.

Giannis D (Wreck)

The Giannis D is one of Abu Nuhas’s most famous wrecks – a 100-meter-long Greek freighter that struck the reef in 1983. It now lies in two main sections on the reef’s slope, with the bow and stern separated. The stern, with the bridge and iconic smokestack, rests on its port side in about 27m of water, while the bow lies shallower. The wreck is tilted at a steep angle, which can be disorienting when penetrating but also makes for dramatic scenery as the ship’s structures jut out sideways.

This wreck is a playground for both wreck enthusiasts and marine life. Divers often descend to the stern, exploring the spacious engine room where beams of light penetrate, illuminating boilers and machinery now colonized by soft corals. Schools of glassfish fill the enclosed spaces, and bigeyes and squirrelfish hide in the darker corners. Along the outside, the Giannis D’s railing and hull are festooned with hard corals, and lionfish hover around the broken decks. The midship area is heavily damaged, with cargo winches and debris creating artificial reefs of their own. Here you might spot a giant moray eel curled inside a pipe or a scorpionfish perched on a rusted beam. Moving towards the bow section, which lies around 10–15m, you can see the coral-covered remains of the mast and the outline of the hull now integrated with the reef. Batfish and sweetlips often gather under the bow’s shadow. Giannis D is particularly photogenic – the combination of tilted structures, prolific fish life, and the play of light through the wreck makes it a highlight for divers, encapsulating the mystery and beauty of Red Sea wreck diving.

Carnatic (Wreck)

The Carnatic is the oldest of the Abu Nuhas wrecks, a British P&O steamship that sank in 1869 while carrying cargo and passengers. After over a century underwater, the Carnatic’s wooden decks are long gone, leaving the iron hull framework standing like the ribs of a giant whale. The wreck lies on its port side between 20m and 27m deep. Over time, it has broken into two main sections, but much of the hull’s structure remains intact, including the lattice of beams and the iconic stern and bow shapes.

Diving the Carnatic is like visiting an underwater museum that’s been overtaken by nature. The skeletal hull is draped in soft corals and fan corals, and the entire wreck has essentially become part of the reef. Shoals of goldspot sweepers and glassfish occupy the interior spaces, weaving through the iron girders. Divers can swim along the open deck levels where cabin walls once stood and see artifacts like scattered wine bottles (the Carnatic was carrying fine wine, among other cargo). The penetration is mostly limited to peeking into open holds, as the structure is fragile in places, but the ambient light and open design make it feel spacious. Marine life is rich: giant moray eels are frequently seen in the bow section, sometimes accompanied by cleaner shrimp tending to them. Colorful nudibranchs crawl along encrusted metal, and at times a turtle can be found nibbling on sponges clinging to the wreck. The stern, with its curved rails and an old steamer engine visible, often has a school of yellow goatfish milling about. Due to its age, the Carnatic exudes a tranquil vibe – many divers mention the almost romantic atmosphere of gliding through its coral-lined hull, imagining its Victorian-era history. It’s a beautiful blend of wreck and reef, showing how the sea claims everything in time.

Chrisoula K (Wreck)

The Chrisoula K, often dubbed the “Tile Wreck,” was a Greek cargo ship that sank at Abu Nuhas in 1981 while transporting a load of ceramic floor tiles. It lies on the reef slope between roughly 5m and 26m. There has been some historical confusion with another wreck (the Kimon M was initially misidentified as Chrisoula K or vice versa), but the generally accepted narrative is that Chrisoula K is the wreck with the tile cargo. The ship’s bow lies shallow, actually clipped onto the reef at about 3-5m, while the stern rests deeper in the sand. Over the years, parts of the midship have collapsed, but much of the wreck is still discernible, including the bow, holds, and stern structure with propeller and engine parts.

Diving the Chrisoula K offers an intriguing mix of wreck exploration and vibrant marine life. In the forward cargo holds, piles of square tiles are still visible – now fused together and home to reef critters, but unmistakable as the ship’s payload. These holds are open and well-lit, making for an easy penetration where divers can gently fin around massive stacks of tiles that never made it to their destination. Schools of sweepers often swirl here, and lionfish patrol the shadows. The bow, being shallow, is richly covered in hard corals and is a fantastic spot to end the dive; snorkelers can even see this portion from the surface on a clear day. At the stern, large winches and the engine block provide hideouts for moray eels and sometimes a resting stonefish. The propeller, a favorite photo spot, is usually buzzing with anthias and sometimes visited by a passing Napoleon wrasse. Soft corals have colonized many parts of the wreck, giving splashes of color – orange and purple on the dull grey steel. Visibility around Abu Nuhas is typically quite clear, so the outlines of the wreck are easily appreciated even from a distance. The combination of seeing actual cargo (tiles) and the overall intact nature of the bow and stern makes the Chrisoula K a fascinating dive, telling a story of commerce interrupted by the reef. It’s a reminder of how treacherous Abu Nuhas could be for ships, yet how these wrecks have transformed into havens for sea life.

Kimon M (Wreck)

The Kimon M, known to many as the “Lentil Wreck,” was a large cargo ship that met its end on Abu Nuhas in 1978, reportedly carrying a load of lentils. Today, it lies on its starboard side in deeper water, with the bulk of the wreck between 27m and 32m. The impact with the reef caused the ship to buckle, so the hull is twisted and the midsection collapsed, leaving the bow and stern more intact but separated by debris. The Kimon M’s bow lies deepest, while the stern superstructure is a bit shallower. Over time, the wreck has become heavily encrusted with corals but is also more broken up compared to the other Abu Nuhas wrecks, giving it a rugged, reef-like appearance in many parts.

Diving the Kimon M often feels a bit more “advanced” due to its depth and sometimes stronger current, but it’s very rewarding. As you descend, one of the first impressions is the sight of its huge propeller and rudder assembly, still attached and jutting upward – a gathering spot for lionfish and occasionally a giant moray. The interior of the wreck is largely accessible where the hull plates have peeled open. Divers can often swim along what used to be the ship’s decks, now vertical, with beams and frames creating archways inhabited by glassfish. The lentil cargo isn’t obvious (much of it washed away or is buried under sand by now), but one might see rusty machinery and winches lying on the seabed. The wreck’s nooks have become habitat for groupers and sweetlips that weave between steel beams. Soft corals adorn the edges of broken metal, hosting tiny critters like nudibranchs and cowries. Given the depth, colors can be a bit muted, but a torch reveals the true vibrancy of the soft corals and sponges taking hold. Schools of goatfish and fusiliers hang around the top of the wreck (the port side, which now faces up), and in the blue water surrounding it, barracudas sometimes appear, capitalizing on the smaller fish populations. Many divers end the dive drifting up along the reef after leaving the wreck, sometimes spotting one of Abu Nuhas’s resident white-tip reef sharks patrolling the area. The Kimon M has a slightly eerie feel, perhaps because of its twisted form and depth, but it’s a compelling dive – a testament to how the sea claims even big ships and makes them part of the ecosystem.

Thistlegorm (Wreck)

The SS Thistlegorm is one of the most legendary wrecks in the world, and though it lies further north (in the Sinai area), many Hurghada dive safari trips journey overnight to include it. It’s a British WWII cargo ship, 126m long, that was sunk by German bombers in 1941 while at anchor. The Thistlegorm lies upright on the seabed at about 30m depth, with the main deck around 15m. The wreck is remarkably intact given its violent sinking; the bow, stern, and much of the midships stand as they were, though the bomb blasts opened large holes into the cargo holds. What truly sets Thistlegorm apart is its cargo – it was packed with war supplies for Allied forces: rifles, trucks, Jeeps, motorcycles, railway engines, airplane parts, and countless crates of ammunition and equipment. Diving the Thistlegorm is like stepping into a time capsule of World War II, now overgrown with marine life.

Divers usually begin at the imposing bow, where two massive deck guns still point into the blue. This area is often frequented by schools of batfish and snapper. As you swim along the deck, you’ll see the blast holes that allow entrance to the cavernous holds below. Inside Hold No. 2 and 3, the famous cargo is visible: rows of Bedford trucks with motorcycles stacked in their beds, artillery shells, and tires still neatly piled. Swim-throughs in these spaces reveal surreal scenes of fish weaving through motorbike wheels and soldierfish hiding in truck cabs. It’s common to find a resident turtle inside a hold, snacking on sponges growing on an old vehicle, or giant trevally patrolling the cargo, hunting smaller fish. Outside on the decks, winches and railings are draped in soft corals, and the bridge and captain’s quarters can be explored with care (one can still see the bathtub in the captain’s bathroom!). Near the stern, the two locomotive tenders carried as deck cargo lie on the sand at 30m, now acting as artificial reefs themselves. The Thistlegorm attracts big marine life: barracudas often hover around the mast, and jacks and tuna are commonly seen in the blue. At night, the wreck comes alive with Spanish dancer nudibranchs and feeding lionfish, though night dives here are usually only on liveaboard itineraries. Due to its depth and sometimes strong currents (plus its popularity, meaning many divers at once), Thistlegorm is typically an advanced dive, but it’s an unforgettable one. The combination of historical intrigue and vibrant sea life – from the smallest nudibranch on a motorcycle to the largest Napoleon wrasse gliding over the deck – makes SS Thistlegorm the crown jewel of Red Sea wreck diving.

Salem Express (Wreck)

The Salem Express is a large passenger ferry that tragically sank in December 1991 after striking a reef near Safaga, south of Hurghada. The 100m ship now lies on its starboard side at about 30m depth, with the port side facing upward around 10–12m below the surface. The bow is largely intact with its distinctive car ferry loading door, and the ship’s structure is recognizable – you can see rows of portholes along the hull, lifeboat davits, and even the bridge and funnel still in place. The sinking of the Salem Express was a disaster that took many lives, so the site is approached by divers with reverence. Many personal artifacts remained scattered on and around the wreck (though over the years most have been removed or silted over), and penetration into the interior is generally discouraged out of respect and safety.

Diving the Salem Express is a sobering yet fascinating experience. As you descend on the huge hull, you’ll likely notice the big letters of the ship’s name and the star emblem still visible. Along the upper side (port side, now facing up), divers can explore the exterior corridors and peer into open cabins and the cargo deck – you might see automobiles still inside or collapsed benches. Marine life has begun to colonize the ferry; hard corals grow along the railings and deck fittings, and lionfish and angelfish make their home in the nooks and crannies. The funnel, with the company logo, is now a habitat for soft corals and an interesting spot to circle around. On the seabed next to the wreck, some lifeboats and debris can be seen, now housing sand-dwelling fish like gobies and goatfish. Because the wreck is relatively recent and shallow, it hasn’t become as overgrown or fish-infested as older wrecks, but you will still see plenty of sergeant majors, butterflyfish, and wrasses around the structure. Occasionally, big pelagics like tunas pass by, and barracudas patrol the area. Diving Salem Express often leaves a poignant impression – one can’t help but think of its history while finning past its large mooring ropes or the collapsed awnings on the decks. Many divers surface from this dive reflecting on the human stories attached to the wreck, having witnessed a site where tragedy and the sea’s natural rebirth intersect. It stands as both an artificial reef in progress and a maritime memorial beneath the waves, making it a unique and memorable conclusion to exploring Hurghada’s dive sites.